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مهندسی صنایع::
برخورددهنده هادرونی بزرگ
To cool down the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) superconducting magnets at CERN, eight refrigerators of 18 kW at 4.5 K have been built (four by Air Liquide and four by Linde).
Each refrigerator cools at 1/8 of the LHC that constitute a cold mass of 4595 t over 3.3 km.
A refrigerator can provide up to 240 g/s of supercritical helium at 4.5 K and 3 bar to the LHC and 250 g/s between 50 K and 75 K to cool down thermal screens.
Lebrun, Design of a cryostat for superconducting accelerator magnets: The LHC main dipole case, CERN-2004-008, (Geneva, 2004) p. 348 15.
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